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 หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Comparison of Biodiesel Production from High Free Fatty Acid, Crude Coconut Oil via Saponification followed by Transesterification or a Two-Stage Process) ผู้เขียน: Surachai Jansri, Gumpon Prateepchaikul สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractSaponification followed by a transesterification process (SFT) or a two-stage process (TSP) were investigated for biodiesel production from high free fatty acid (FFA), crude coconut oil. In SFT, the effects of the concentration of NaOH solution on free fatty acid reduction were investigated. The oil from saponification after cleaning was used as a raw material to produce biodiesel. For TSP, the effects of methanol and H2SO4 on free fatty acid reduction were determined using various amounts of methanol catalyzed by H2SO4 and with different amounts of H2SO4 in methanol. Then, the de-acidified oil was used to produce biodiesel. All reactions were carried out at 60?C and monitored by titration and thin layer chromatography/flame ionization detection. The suitable conditions of SFT for obtaining 99% by weight methyl ester content were: 15 v% of water, 36 v% of methanol and 19.9 %wt/v of NaOH, yielding 45.6% in 26 h. Like methyl ester concentration, TSP could produce 86.6% yield of biodiesel under 5 v% of H2SO4, 37 v% of methanol and 2.5 %wt/v of NaOH in 14.25 h. Finally, the biodiesel cost was approximately 57.09 and 32.02 THB/L by SFT and TSP, respectively. Therefore, TSP was considered more suitable for producing biodiesel from high FFA crude coconut oil because it was quicker, cheaper and produced a higher yield. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Optimization of High Free Fatty Acid Reduction in Mixed Crude Palm Oil Using Ultrasound: A Response Surface Methodology Approach) ผู้เขียน:Krit Somnuk, Thanansak Theppaya, Pruittikorn Smithmaitrie, Gumpon Prateepchaikul สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractReduction of the acid value in mixed crude palm oil (MCPO) with methanol and acid-catalyst H2SO4 was carried out in an ultrasonic homogenizer at a low-frequency of 18 kHz with 1,000 W. This work was undertaken with fixed values of 1.62 W.mm-2 for the high surface power density at the horn tip and 20 W.mL-2 for the volumetric acoustic energy. The objective was to determine the relationship between various important parameters and the response variable of acid-catalyzed esterification to obtain the lowest acid value. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the operating parameters of the ultrasonic esterification process. A 5-level, 3-factor, central composite design was applied to optimize the three key reaction variables (methanol concentration, sulfuric acid concentration and ultrasonic irradiation time) to reduce the acid value of the MCPO from 28 mg.g-1 KOH to less than 2 mg.g-1 KOH. The results indicated that the factors have significant effects on the reduction of the acid value. Furthermore, optimization of the reduction of the acid value could be achieved with 24.8% (by volume) methanol, 3.7% (by volume) sulfuric acid and an ultrasonic irradiation time of 96 s. |
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